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This page explores how passive brain-computer interfaces, or passive BCIs (pBCIs), can monitor drowsiness and mental fatigue during rehabilitation. Instead of asking the patient to send a voluntary motor command, a passive BCI quietly tracks brain activity in the background to detect whether the user is attentive, overloaded, frustrated, or fatigued. Learn how to build reliable drowsiness and fatigue detection systems using passive brain–computer interface (BCI) methods.